Enabling mMTC in Remote Areas: LoRaWAN and LEO Satellite Integration for Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring

The offshore wind farms are gaining momentum due to their promise offer sustainable energy with low pollution and greenhouse gas emission. However, despite all the immense technological progress of recent years, operation in a harsh hard-to-reach environment remains challenging. According reports, each turbine requires five maintenance visits year on average, cumulative repair costs constitute around 30% turbine’s life-cycle expenditure. Motivated by advancement massive machine-type connectivity (mMTC) satellite technologies, this study, we investigate potential these enable remote monitoring farms. Specifically, two alternative architectures considered. indirect architecture relies using local mMTC gateway (GW) backbone over reliable communication channel (e.g., or wire-based). direct approach implies transmission data sensors turbines directly GW low-Earth-orbit satellite. details system design, implementation strategies, relevant pros, cons, tradeoffs pin-pointed. Finally, employ simulations realistic deployment traffic advanced propagation collision models characterize approaches’ feasibility packet delivery probability numerically when implemented LoRaWAN technology.